La cubierta de la Iglesia Qatay en el Distrito de Incahuasi
(Perú) se renueva cada 10 años en un acontecimiento que reúne a todo el pueblo.
La Iglesia está construida por 5 muros gruesos de adobe y 28
columnas de madera talladas sobre el que descansa el techo de la cubierta a dos
aguas con gran inclinación y manojos de paja Stipa Ichu que dan la terminación y el remate garantizando la impermeabilidad. La cubierta que sobre sale de los muros se sostiene
por columnas de madera sin trabajar.
La cubierta esta formada por troncos principales de madera y
palos secundarios generalmente de madera de aliso.
STIPA ICHU COVER OF THE QATAY CHURCH IN PERU
The roof of the Qatay Church in the District of Incahuasi (Peru) is renewed every 10 years in an event that brings together all the people.
The church is built with 5 thick adobe walls and 28 carved wooden columns on which rests the roof of the gable roof with a steep slope and bundles of Stipa Ichu straw that give the finish guaranteeing waterproofness. The roof above the walls is supported by unworked wooden columns.
The roof is formed by main wooden trunks and secondary sticks generally made of aliso wood.
The church is built with 5 thick adobe walls and 28 carved wooden columns on which rests the roof of the gable roof with a steep slope and bundles of Stipa Ichu straw that give the finish guaranteeing waterproofness. The roof above the walls is supported by unworked wooden columns.
The roof is formed by main wooden trunks and secondary sticks generally made of aliso wood.
(1)
(2)
La cubierta se puede dividir en 4 partes principales:
- Cumbrera
- Los tijerales: La estructura de vigas y correas
de madera de aliso.
- La chaqlla: malla tejida con suru (caña vegetal
parecida al carrizo) y atada con cabuya sobre
la que irá la paja (Stipa Ichu)
- La paja (Stipa Ichu)
Las tareas de reconstrucción de la cubierta las asigna y las
coordina el Comité pro Templo, repartiendo tareas a cada uno de los 14 sectores
y caseríos que participan. A cada sector se le asigna un espacio determinado de
la cubierta tanto del lado Este como Oeste de la construcción.
The cover can be divided into 4 main parts:
-Ridge
-Ridge
-The scissors: The structure of beams and straps of aliso wood.
-The chaqlla: woven mesh with suru (reed-like vegetable cane) and tied with cabuya on which the straw will go (Stipa Ichu).
-Straw (Stipa Ichu)
The roof reconstruction tasks are assigned and coordinated by the Committee for the Temple, distributing tasks to each of the 14 sectors and villages that participate. Each sector is assigned a specific roof space on both the east and west sides of the building.
-The chaqlla: woven mesh with suru (reed-like vegetable cane) and tied with cabuya on which the straw will go (Stipa Ichu).
-Straw (Stipa Ichu)
The roof reconstruction tasks are assigned and coordinated by the Committee for the Temple, distributing tasks to each of the 14 sectors and villages that participate. Each sector is assigned a specific roof space on both the east and west sides of the building.
Los hombres desmontan y rehacen la cubierta subidos en ella,
las mujeres y niños desde abajo juntan los manojos de Stipa Ichu para la nueva
cubrición y las soguillas de cabuya para el atado del nuevo techo. También
separan la paja antigua (stipa Ichu) que se puede reutilizar.
La paja Stipa Ichu se encuentra a unos 4000 msnm. Y la traen
los comuneros desde esas alturas. Si está florecida la planta ya no servirá
para utilizarla en la cubierta ya que pierde su resistencia.
La nueva paja se coloca de abajo hacia arriba de la cubierta,
terminando en la cumbrera. Los manojos de Ichu nuevos se comienzan colocando en
los aleros de la cubierta dejándolos colgar y se van colocando trabándolos un
manojo en cada sentido, o sea, un manojo en un sentido y otro al revés donde
está el atado. A la vez los manojos de Ichu se van atando a la Chaqlla con las
soguillas de cabuya. Cada fila de Ichu se presiona fuertemente con un Suru que
lo pisa y se ata al tejido Chaqlla. Este tejido se realiza con una herramienta
larga llamada Tuqlu desde el lado interior de la cubierta.
El Tuclu es una aguja con un ojo en la punta de
gran tamaño (3 o 4 metros) con la que se teje. Una persona desde abajo
introduce la gran aguja y arriba en la cubierta otra persona recibe la soguilla
introducida en la aguja y se van cosiendo los manojos de Ichu prensados por el
suru.
La cumbrera se remata con barro para asegurar la unión entre
las dos artes de la cubierta. Se coloca
barro también sobre la paja colocada en los extremos del techo.
The men disassemble and rebuild the deck on it, the women and children from below join the bunches of Stipa Ichu for the new covering and the cabuya ropes for the new roof. They also separate the old straw (stipa Ichu) that can be reused.
The Stipa Ichu straw is located at about 4000 meters above sea level. And the villagers bring it from those heights. If the plant is flowered, it will no longer be suitable for use on the roof as it loses its resistance.
The new straw is placed from bottom to top of the deck, ending at the ridge. The new Ichu bunches are started by placing them on the eaves of the deck, letting them hang and then placing one bunch in each direction, that is, one bunch in one direction and the other in the opposite direction where the bundle is. At the same time, the bunches of Ichu are tied to the Chaqlla with the cabuya strings. Each row of Ichu is pressed hard with a Suru that is stepped on and tied to the Chaqlla weave.
This weaving is done with a long tool called Tuqlu from the inside of the cover. The Tuclu is a needle with one eye on the large tip (3 or 4 meters) with which it is woven. One person from below inserts the large needle and above the cover another person receives the needle string inserted into the needle and the Ichu bunches pressed together by the suru are sewn together.
The ridge is topped with mud to ensure the connection between the two roofing arts. Mud is also placed on the straw at the ends of the roof.
The Stipa Ichu straw is located at about 4000 meters above sea level. And the villagers bring it from those heights. If the plant is flowered, it will no longer be suitable for use on the roof as it loses its resistance.
The new straw is placed from bottom to top of the deck, ending at the ridge. The new Ichu bunches are started by placing them on the eaves of the deck, letting them hang and then placing one bunch in each direction, that is, one bunch in one direction and the other in the opposite direction where the bundle is. At the same time, the bunches of Ichu are tied to the Chaqlla with the cabuya strings. Each row of Ichu is pressed hard with a Suru that is stepped on and tied to the Chaqlla weave.
This weaving is done with a long tool called Tuqlu from the inside of the cover. The Tuclu is a needle with one eye on the large tip (3 or 4 meters) with which it is woven. One person from below inserts the large needle and above the cover another person receives the needle string inserted into the needle and the Ichu bunches pressed together by the suru are sewn together.
The ridge is topped with mud to ensure the connection between the two roofing arts. Mud is also placed on the straw at the ends of the roof.
(3) Tuqlu
(4) Chaqlla y suru
(5) suru
(6) Stipa Ichu
(7) Surus
(8) Stipa Ichu
(9) Aliso tallado
Información: Fuentes /Source:
Ministerio de Cultura de Perú: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9T6Pe8tHBA
Imágenes fuente /Picture source:
(1, 2, 4):
(5, 6, 7, 8, 9):
(3):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9T6Pe8tHBA
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